Classification of building energy management systems
General management systems can be divided into small-scale systems, medium-scale systems, and large-scale systems according to their scale.
1. Small-scale building management system
Small-scale systems are mostly used in small buildings, and the budget for establishing a management system is not large. Building the most appropriate system with the least amount of money is the most important issue when designing a small-scale building management system.
2. Medium-sized building management system
A management system of this scale includes not only the equipment of a small building, but also disaster prevention and security equipment. Due to the complexity of management, it cannot be managed with a simple monitoring system like a small system. Considering the need for expansion of management functions in the future, personal computers using Microsoft's Windows software as the operating platform have begun to be gradually adopted. The software's stability and good compatibility with peripheral devices make PCs with Windows a basic component of the management system.
3. Large-scale building management system
Generally, high-rise buildings are large-scale buildings. The scale is very large, and the system has to manage quite a lot of things. It must be managed by multiple main computers and must be organized and designed with double loops. In addition, decentralized management must also take into account that the management characteristics of each device are not as simple as those of small and medium-sized systems, which is also one of the factors to be considered in the design.
In addition to decentralized management in design, large-scale systems must also adopt a double-loop design to prevent a system failure from causing the function to completely stop. Under the original system, a set of backup systems are designed. When the main system fails and stops operating, the backup system can immediately take over the work of the main system, allowing the entire management system to remain in operation, and the operating efficiency will not be affected. And decline.
As a management system for large buildings, networked communication equipment is also an extremely important part. When the overall system manages more than a single building, the management systems of each building will communicate through the Internet and establish registrations. Table, which compares the historical records of the system from the past to the present.
BEMS four major management systems
The building automation system BAS has been successfully introduced into the operation control and management of various facilities in the building for at least 20 years. If these facilities equipped with automatic control systems are properly managed and used, even if they do not put a lot of effort into facility management Under this, you can easily save 15~20% of energy usage. In recent years, the BAS system has been further developed into the BEMS system and is becoming more and more perfect. BEMS is mainly composed of four major management systems:
1. BAS: Centrally monitor various electrical equipment, air conditioning equipment, cold and heat source equipment, fire prevention and anti-theftequipment inside the building, and ensure a comfortable environment inside the building while taking into account energy conservation and global environmental protection. The equipment operating status and utilization rate are optimized.
2. EMS: A modern power integrated automation system based on computing technology. It transmits the values of each monitoring point through the central monitoring station, allocates and schedules the management of energy use and decisions in the building, and keeps the electrical equipment in the building at the optimal level. Operate under optimal efficiency, such as power unloading, demand management, etc.
3. BMS: Manage the operation and maintenance of each equipment, as well as the scheduling of security personnel, record all expenses in the building and store them in the registration form.
4. FMS: Use the computer database to accumulate various equipment operation status records and maintenance costs, list various reports, and conduct various aspects of financial evaluation and maintenance management.
Establishment of building BEMS system architecture
The main investigation of the BEMS architecture includes three interlocking levels: design level, operation level and energy-saving countermeasure expert system. Its main spirit is to conduct detailed diagnosis of the energy consumption status of the building through a complete and digital monitoring system. Comparing the measured data with the existing database data to discover the problem (Fault Detection); then use the expert system to formulate energy-saving countermeasures, classify them into design problems, operation problems or management problems, and then feed back to the original system for improvement and carry out Economic benefit evaluation. In this way, as the building is in commercial operation, the time gradually goes forward until the optimal system operation is achieved.
After establishing a complete BEMS system architecture, detailed planning is carried out for the three major subsystems of air conditioning, lighting and power, including the setting of monitoring levels, the number of monitoring system points, positions, and control system methods (PID, Fuzzy) , building management (external security company or building's own administrator) and communication system (settings, telephone, fax, Internet access, dial-up Internet or LAN), etc. In terms of hardware equipment, such as air conditioning systems, corresponding monitoring points are set up, such as ice water flow, ice water inlet and outlet temperature, cooling water inlet and outlet temperature, and power consumption, etc., to facilitate the planning of measurement points.
