In order to understand the energy usage of buildings, the energy consumption profile, electricity consumption characteristics and energy efficiency indicators of various types of buildings in the residential and commercial sectors are analyzed based on the statistical data of the annual energy audit of non-production industries.
Statistical data show that there are 1,416 large energy users (contract capacity greater than 800kW) of various types of buildings in the country. Among them, the average energy consumption of buildings is the largest in airports, followed by stations and tracks. In terms of electricity use, the average electricity consumption is still the largest in airports, followed by stations and tracks.
In terms of the proportion of building energy consumption, the proportion of electricity and heat consumption is calculated based on the energy calorific value. The energy used by various types of buildings is still mainly electricity. The proportion of heat energy consumption is higher in hotels, hospitals and warehouses, mainly because hotels and hospitals use hot water and steam; and "oil storage" in storage uses steam indirect heating to facilitate the transportation of oil in pipelines, resulting in a larger proportion of heat energy use.
According to the statistics of the annual report, in the proportion of electricity consumption of various types of buildings, except for special building types (station tracks, telecommunications network rooms, sewage treatment plants, and warehouses), air conditioning and lighting power consumption are almost the largest items, with an average of about 32%~54% of air conditioning power consumption and an average of about 15%~30% of lighting power consumption.
It can be seen that air conditioning and lighting power consumption account for 60% to 70% of the total power consumption of the entire building, and these two parts of power consumption are significantly affected by the design of the building shell. Since the life of the building shell is much longer than that of air conditioning and lighting equipment, a good energy-saving design of the building shell is the key to saving energy. A good building energy-saving design can reduce radiant heat absorption, reduce air conditioning load, and reduce the number of indoor lamps through effective shading, insulation and ventilation design, effectively improving the energy efficiency of the building.
For the energy consumption of buildings, most of the EUI indicators are used at home and abroad, which represent the overall comprehensive indicators of the geographical climate environment of the area where each building is located, the energy consumption of the building shell, the efficiency of equipment, the size of the area, the size of the parking lot, and the length of annual use. Buildings with poor insulation and shading, poor ventilation and lighting, severe exposure to the west, over-designed equipment, poor equipment efficiency, and bad usage habits will all cause EUI to rise, so it is the best indicator to measure the energy-saving level of buildings.
EUI (Energy Use Intensity) is the annual power consumption density per unit area (kWh/m2.yr), which is the annual power consumption of a building divided by the total floor area to obtain the reference index change of power consumption. The highest is 815.5 kWh/m2.yr in the telecommunications room, followed by department stores, medical centers, and shopping centers.
Looking at the changes in the annual power consumption density per unit area of the same large user in the past five years, most EUI indicators show a downward trend, indicating that with the recent increase in oil and electricity prices and the popularization of energy conservation concepts, the power efficiency of buildings has increased year by year.
