Natural Sites
Mount Tai in the east, Mount Heng in the south, Mount Hua in the west, Mount Heng in the north, and Mount Song in the center of China have been called the Five Sacred Mountains since antiquity. Mount Tai, which snakes through central Shandong Province is admired by Chinese as paramount among them. Another mountain celebrated for its beauty is Mount Huang in southern Anhui Province, known for its graceful pines, unusual rocks, cloud seas and hot springs.
Huangguoshu Waterfalls, and Guilin are all located in southwestern China. Jiuzhaigou in northern Sichuan Province is a beautiful “fairyland valley” running over 40 km through snowcovered mountains, lakes, waterfalls, and forests. The Huangguoshu Waterfalls in Guizhou Province are a group of waterfalls, 18 above ground and 4 below, which can be heard from 5 km away. The Lijiang River in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region winds its way through karst peaks for 82 km between Guilin and Yangshuo.
On the plateau in northern China are many spectacular lakes. The Tianchi (Heavenly Pool) in the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Autonomous Region is 1,980 meters above sea level. This 105-m deep lake is crystal clear, the high mountains surrounding it carpeted with green grass and colorful flowers.
Along the renowned Three Gorges of the Yangtze River are many scenic spots and historical sites; the Qutang Gorge is rugged and majestic, the Wuxia Gorge elegant, deep and secluded, the Xiling Gorge full of shoals and reefs and rolling water. The Lesser Three Gorges are lush with greenery, flanking water so clear that you can see to the bottom. The Three Gorges Dam built here is China’s biggest key hydro-power project.
Historical and Cultural Sites
The long history of China has left many cultural relics and the title of “China Top Tourist City” has gone to the first group of 54 cities. The Great Wall, a symbol of the Chinese nation, is also a prime example of the historical sites that have become major tourist attractions. As the greatest defense-structure project in the history of human civilization, it dates back more than 2,000 years ago to the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods. Huge in its scale and grandeur, it rates as a world wonder. There are 10 sections of the Great Wall open to tourists, including the passes, blockhouses and beacon towers at Badaling in Beijing, Laolongtou in Hebei Province and Jiayu Pass in Gansu Province.
Grottoes filled with precious murals and sculptures are concentrated along the ancient Silk Road (in Gansu Province). The best known are the Mogao Caves, a “treasure house of oriental art”, with 492 caves with murals and statues on the cliff faces. There are 45,000 m2 of murals and over 2,100 colorful statues, all of high artistry and imagination. In the south, grotto art is represented in Sichuan Province by the Leshan Giant Buddha, carved into a cliff face. 71 m high and 28 m wide, it is the largest sitting Buddha in stone, showing the superb carving skill of ancient craftsmen.
The Shaolin Temple in Henan Province, the birthplace of Chinese Zen Buddhism and famous for its Shaolin kungfu (martial arts), dates back to 495 AD. Here can be seen the Ming period Mural of Five-Hundred-Arhats and Qing period Shaolin kungfu paintings. In central China’s Hubei Province, the beautiful Wudang Mountain, with 72 grotesque peaks in an area of 30 km2, is a sacred site of Taoism, which preserves China’s most complete, largest scale and best ancient Taoist architecture. In western Sichuan Province, Mount Emei, dotted with ancient Buddhist temples and structures, is one of China’s four holy Buddhist mountains.
Most of China’s 100 or so cities classified as famous historical and cultural cities are over 1,000 years old. South of the Yangtze River, Suzhou and Hangzhou, long known as “paradise on earth”, are crisscrossed with rivers, lakes, bridges, fields and villages, as beautiful as paintings. Today’s well-preserved ancient city of Pingyao in central Shanxi Province was built in the Ming Dynasty but was also the site of the Neolithic era Yangshao and Longshan cultures. Ancient Lijiang in Yunnan Province is not only the center of Dongba culture of the Naxi ethnic group but also a meeting place for the cultures of Han, Tibetan and Bai ethnicities. Built in the Song Dynasty, this city has many stone bridges, stone memorial arches and dwelling houses, which provide precious materials for architectural history and can be called a “living museum of ancient dwelling houses”.
